IBC-Carbon Project Publications

Modelling forest growth, carbon sequestration and radiative forcing

• Chen, L., Keski‐Saari, S., Kontunen‐Soppela, S., Zhu, X., Zhou, X., Hänninen, H., Pumpanen, J., Mola‐Yudego, B., Wu, D. & Berninger, F. 2023: Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere. Global Change Biology 29: 3924-3940.
• Forsius, M, Holmberg, M., Junttila, V., Kujala, H., Schulz, T., Paunu, V.-V., Savolahti, M., Minunno, F., Akujärvi, A., Bäck, J., Grönroos, J., Heikkinen, R.K., Karvosenoja, N., Mäkelä, A., Mikkonen, N., Pekkonen, M., Rankinen, K. & Virkkala R. 2023. Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland: Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection. Ambio (online)
• Mäkelä, A., Minunno, F., Kujala, H., Kosenius, A.-K., Heikkinen, R.K., Junttila, V., Peltoniemi, M. & Forsius, M. 2023. Effect of forest management choices on carbon sequestration and biodiversity at national scale. Ambio (online)
• Junttila, V., Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M., Forsius, M., Akujärvi, A., Ojanen, P and Mäkelä A. 2023. Quantification of forest carbon flux and stock uncertainties under climate change and their use in regionally explicit decision making: Case study in Finland. Ambio (online)
• Mäkelä A., Tian X., Repo A., Ilvesniemi H., Marshall J., Minunno F., Näsholm T., Schiestl-Aalto P., Lehtonen A. 2022. Do mycorrhizal symbionts drive latitudinal trends in photosynthetic carbon use efficiency and carbon sequestration in boreal forests? FORECO 520,120355. 
• Zhao, P., Chi, J., Nilsson, M. B., Lofvenius, M. O., Hogberg, P., Jocher, G., Lim, H., Mäkelä, A., Marshall, J., Ratcliffe, J., Tian, X., Nasholm, T., Lundmark, T., Linder, S. & Peichl, M.2022. Long-term nitrogen addition raises the annual carbon sink of a boreal forest to a new steady-state. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,  324, 109112.
• Mahnken, M., Cailleret, M., Collalti, A., Trotta, C., Biondo, C., D'Andrea, E., Dalmonech, D., Marano, G., Mäkelä, A., Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M., et al. 2022. Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models. Global Change Biology, 28(23): 6921-6943. 
• Liu, C., Hölttä, T., Tian, X., Berninger, F. Mäkelä, A. 2020. Weaker Light Response, Lower Stomatal Conductance and Structural Changes in Old Boreal Conifers Implied by a Bayesian Hierarchical Model. Frontiers in plant science. 11, 15 p.
• Tian X.L., Minunno F., Schiestl-Aalto P., Chi, J.S., Zhao P., Peichl M., Marshall J., Näsholm T., Lim H., Peltoniemi M., Linder S., Mäkelä A. 2021. Disaggregating the effects of nitrogen addition on gross primary production in a boreal Scots pine forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 301,108337.
• Härkönen, S., Neumann, M., Mues, V., Berninger, F.,.. & Mäkelä, A. 2019: A climate-sensitive forest model for assessing impacts of forest management in Europe. Environmental Modelling & Software. 115: 128-143.
• Akujärvi, A., Shvidenko, A. & Pietsch, S.A. 2019: Modelling the impacts of intensifying forest management on carbon budget across a long latitudinal gradient in Europe. Environmental Research Letters 14 (3). (13 pp).
• Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M., Härkönen, S., Kalliokoski, T., Mäkinen, H., Mäkelä, A. 2019: Bayesian calibration of a carbon balance model PREBAS using data from permanent growth experiments and national forest inventory. Forest Ecology and Management 440: 208-257.

Biodiversity modelling and conservation

• Mikkonen, N, Leikola, N., Lehtomäki, J., Halme, P. & Moilanen, A. 2023. National high-resolution conservation prioritisation of boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 541, 121079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121079
• Mikkonen, N, Leikola, N., Lehtomäki, J., Halme, P. & Moilanen, A. 2023. Datapackage for national high-resolution conservation prioritisation of boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management 541, 121079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121079
• Tanhuanpää, T., Mikkonen, N., Kujala, H., Heinaro, E., Mäyrä, J., and Kumpula, T. 2023. Input data resolution affects the conservation prioritization outcome of spatially sparse biodiversity features. AMBIO
• Virkkala, R., Määttänen, A.-M, Heikkinen, R. K. 2023. Clear-cuts and warming summers caused forest bird populations to decline in a southern boreal area. Forest Ecology and Management
• Aalto, J., Lehtonen, I., Pirinen, P., Aapala, K. & Heikkinen, R.K., 2023. Bioclimate change across the protected area network of Finland. Science of The Total Environment 893, 164782.
• Määttänen, A.-M., Virkkala, R., Leikola, N., Aalto, J. & Heikkinen, R.K. 2023: Combined threats of climate change and land use to boreal protected areas with red-listed forest species in Finland. Global Ecology and Conservation 41, e02348.
• Määttänen, A.-M., Virkkala, R., Leikola, N. & Heikkinen R. K. 2022: Increasing loss of mature boreal forests around protected areas with red‑listed forest species. Ecological Processes 11:17
• Virkkala, R., Leikola, N., Kujala, H., Kivinen, S., Hurskainen, P., Kuusela, S., Valkama, J. & Heikkinen, R. K. 2022. Developing fine-grained nationwide predictions of valuable forests using biodiversity indicator bird species. Ecological Applications, 32, e2505.
• Heikkinen, R.K., Kartano, L., Leikola, N., Aalto, J., Aapala, K., Kuusela, S. & Virkkala, R. 2021: High-latitude EU Habitats Directive species at risk due to climate change and land use. Global Ecology and Conservation 28, e01664. 
• Lehikoinen, P., Tiusanen, M., Santangeli, A., Rajasärkkä, A., Jaatinen, K., Valkama, J., Virkkala, R. & Lehikoinen, A. 2021: Increasing protected area coverage mitigates climate-driven community changes. Biological Conservation 253, 108892.
• Muscatello, A., Elith, J. & Kujala, H. 2020: How decisions about fitting species distribution models affect conservation outcomes. Conservation Biology. 
• Björklund, H., Parkkinen, A., Hakkari, T., Heikkinen, R. K., Virkkala, R. & Lensu A. 2020: Predicting valuable forest habitats using an indicator species for biodiversity. Biological Conservation 249, 108682.
• Heikkinen, R. K., Leikola, N., Aalto, J., Aapala, K., Kuusela, S., Luoto, M. & Virkkala, R. 2020: Fine-grained climate velocities reveal vulnerability of protected areas to climate change. Scientific Reports 10, 1678.
• Virkkala, R., Aalto, J., Heikkinen, R., Rajasärkkä, A., Kuusela, S., Leikola, N. & Luoto, M. 2020: Can Topographic Variation in Climate Buffer against Climate Change-Induced Population Declines in Northern Forest Birds? Diversity 12, 56.
• Mikkonen, N., Leikola, N., Halme, P., Heinaro, E., Lahtinen, A. & Tanhuanpää, T. 2020: Modeling of dead wood potential based on tree stand data. Forests 11(9): 913. 
• Virkkala, R., Lehikoinen, A. & Rajasärkkä, A.2020: Can protected areas buffer short-term population changes of resident bird species in a period of intensified forest harvesting? Biological Conservation 244: 108526.
• Virkkala R., Heikkinen R.K., Kuusela S., Leikola N. & Pöyry J. 2019: Significance of Protected Area Network in Preserving Biodiversity in a Changing Northern European Climate. – In: Leal Filho W., Barbir J., Preziosi R. (eds.) Handbook of Climate Change and Biodiversity, p. 377-390. Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham.
• Roberge, J.-M., Virkkala, R. & Mönkkönen, M. 2018: Boreal forest bird assemblages and their conservation. – In: Mikusiński , G., Roberge , J.-M. & Fuller, R. (eds.), Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds, p. 183-230. Cambridge, Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. ISBN 978-1-107-07213-8
• Lehikoinen, A. & Virkkala, R. 2018: Population trends and conservation status of forest birds. – In: Mikusiński , G., Roberge , J.-M. & Fuller, R. (eds.), Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds, p. 389-416. Cambridge, Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. ISBN 978-1-107-07213-8
• Virkkala, R., Rajasärkkä, A., Heikkinen, R.K., Kuusela, S., Leikola, N. & Pöyry, J. 2018: Birds in boreal protected areas shift northwards in the warming climate but show different rates of population decline. – Biological Conservation 226: 271-279.

Forest catchment ecosystem services and sustainability indicators

• Cano Bernal J.E., Rankinen K. & Thielking S. 2022. Concentration of organic carbon in Finnish catchments and variables involved in its variations. Journal of Environmental Management 302: 113981.
• Holmberg, M., Aalto, T., Akujärvi, A., Arslan, A.N., Bergström, I., Böttcher, K., Lahtinen, I., Mäkelä, A., Markkanen, T., Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M., Rankinen, K., Vihervaara, P. & Forsius, M. 2019: Ecosystem services related to carbon cycling – modelling present and future impacts in boreal forests. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 343.
• Holmberg, M., Aherne, J., Austnes, K., Beloica, J., De Marco, A., Dirnböck, T., Fornasier, M.F., Goergen, K., Futter, M., Lindroos, A.J., Krám, P., Neirynck, J., Nieminen, T.M., Pecka, T., Posch, M., Rowe, E.C., Scheuschner, T., Schlutow, A., Valinia, S., Forsius, M. 2018: Modelling study of soil C, N and pH response to air pollution and climate change using European LTER site observations. Science of the Total Environment 640-641: 387-399.

Improved Earth Observation techniques

• Heinaro, E., Tanhuanpää, T., Kukko, A., Hakala, T., and Holopainen, M. 2023. Comparing field measurements and annotations as training data for AUV-based detection of standing dead trees in coniferous forest. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 44:17, 5375-5396.
• Mäyrä, J., Kivinen, S., Keski-Saari, S., Poikolainen, L. & Kumpula, T. 2023: Utilizing historical maps in identification of long-term land use and land cover changes. Ambio
• Palmroos, I., Norros, V., Keski-Saari, S., Mäyrä, J., Tanhuanpää, T., Kivinen, S., Pykälä, J., Kullberg, P., Kumpula, T. & Vihervaara, P. 2023: Remote sensing in mapping biodiversity – a case study of epiphytic lichen communities. Forest Ecology and Management 538: 120993.
• Miettinen, J., Carlier, S., Häme, L., Mäkelä, A., Minunno, F., Penttilä, J., Pisl, J., Rasinmäki, J., Rauste, Y., Seitsonen, L., Tian, X. & Häme, T. 2021. Demonstration of large area forest volume and primary production estimation approach based on Sentinel-2 imagery and process based ecosystem modelling. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 42, 24, p. 9492-9514
• Hu, M., Pitkanen, T. P., Minunno, F., Tian, X., Lehtonen, A., Makela, A. 2021. A new method to estimate branch biomass from terrestrial laser scanning data by bridging tree structure models. Annals of Botany 128: 737-751 
• Mäyrä, J., Keski-Saari, S., Kivinen, S., Tanhuanpää, T., Hurskainen, P., Kullberg, P., Poikolainen, L., Viinikka, A., Tuominen, S., Kumpula, T. & Vihervaara, P. 2021: Tree species classification from airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data using 3D convolutional neural networks. Remote Sensing of Environment 256.
• Hardenbol A.A., Kuzmin A., Korhonen L., Korpelainen P., Kumpula T., Maltamo M. & Kouki J. 2021. Detection of aspen in conifer-dominated boreal forests with seasonal multispectral drone image point clouds. Silva Fennica, 55(4): 10515. 
• Kuzmin, A., Korhonen, L., Kivinen, S., Hurskainen, P., Korpelainen, P., Tanhuanpää, T., Maltamo,M. Vihervaara, P. & Kumpula, T. 2021. Detection of European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) Based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Approach in Boreal Forests. Remote Sensing, 13(9), 1723.
• Heinaro, E., Tanhuanpää, T., Yrttimaa, T., Holopainen, M., Vastaranta, M. 2021. Airborne laser scanning reveals large tree trunks on forest floor. Forest Ecology and Management, 491. 
• Viinikka, A., Hurskainen, P., Keski-Saari, S., Kivinen, S., Tanhuanpää, T., Mäyrä, J., Poikolainen, L., Vihervaara, P., Kumpula, T. 2020: Detecting European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) in Boreal Forests Using Airborne Hyperspectral and Airborne Laser Scanning Data. Remote Senings, 12, 2610.
• Kivinen, S., Koivisto, E., Keski-Saari, S., Poikolainen, L., Tanhuanpää, T., Kuzmin, A., Viinikka, A., Heikkinen, R.K., Pykälä. J., Virkkala. R., Vihervaara, P. & Kumpula, T. 2020: A keystone species, European aspen (Populus tremula L.), in boreal forests: Ecological role, knowledge needs and mapping using remote sensing. Forest Ecology and Management 462, 118008.
• Tanhuanpää, T., Yu, X., Luoma, V., Saarinen, N., Raisio, J., Hyyppä, J., Kumpula, T. & Holopainen, M. 2019: Effect of canopy structure on the performance of tree mapping methods in urban parks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. Volume 44, 126441.
• Mononen, L., Auvinen, A. P., Packalen, P., Virkkala, R., Valbuena, R., Bohlin, I., ... & Vihervaara, P. 2018: Usability of citizen science observations together with airborne laser scanning data in determining the habitat preferences of forest birds. Forest Ecology and Management, 430, 498-508.
• Navarro, L.M.,…Vihervaara, P. et al. 2017: Monitoring biodiversity change through effective global coordination. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 29: 158-169.

Monetary compensation mechanism for forest owners

• Kangas, J., & Ollikainen, M. 2022. A PES scheme promoting forest biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Forest Policy and Economics 136: 102692.
• Husa M. & Kosenius AK. 2021. Non-industrial private forest owners’ willingness to manage for climate change and biodiversity. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research.
• Miettinen J, Ollikainen M, Aroviita J, Haikarainen S, Nieminen M, Turunen J and Valsta L. 2020. Boreal peatland forests: ditch network maintenance effort and water protection in a forest rotation framework. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 50(10): 1025-1038.

Integrated adaptive conservation and land-use planning for sustainable forestry

• Holmberg, M., Junttila, V., Schulz,T., Grönroos, J., Paunu, V.-V., Savolahti, M., Minunno, F., Ojanen, P., Akujärvi, A., Karvosenoja, N., Kortelainen, P., Mäkelä, A., Peltoniemi, M., Petäjä, J., Vanhala, P. & Forsius, M., 2023. Role of land cover in Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions. Ambio
• Moilanen, A., Lehtinen, P., Kohonen, I., Jalkanen, J., Virtanen, E.A., & Kujala, H. 2022. Novel methods for spatial prioritization with applications in conservation, land use planning and ecological impact avoidance. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 13: 1062-1072.
• Akujärvi A., Repo A., Akujärvi A.M. & Liski J. 2021. Bridging mapping and simulation modelling in the ecosystem service assessments of boreal forests: effects of bioenergy production on carbon dynamics. Forest Ecosystems, 8:4.
• Forsius, M., Kujala, H., Minunno, F., Holmberg, M., Leikola, N., Mikkonen, N., Autio, I., Paunu, V.-V., Tanhuanpää, T., Hurskainen, P., Mäyrä, J., Kivinen, S., Keski-Saari, S., Kosenius, A.-K., Kuusela, S., Virkkala, R., Viinikka, A., Vihervaara, P., Akujärvi, A., Bäck, J., Karvosenoja, N., Kumpula, T., Kuzmin, A., Mäkelä, A., Moilanen, A., Ollikainen, M., Pekkonen, M., Peltoniemi, M., Poikolainen, L., Rankinen, K., Rasilo, T., Tuominen, S., Valkama, J., Vanhala, P. & Heikkinen, R.K. 2021: Developing a spatially explicit modelling and evaluation framework for integrated carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation: Application in southern Finland. Science of The Total Environment, 775, 145847.
• Holmberg, M., Akujärvi, A., Anttila, S., Autio, I., Haakana, M., Junttila, V., Karvosenoja, N., Kortelainen, P., Mäkelä, A., Minkkinen, K., Minunno, F., Rankinen, K., Ojanen, P., Paunu, V.-V., Peltoniemi, M., Rasilo, T., Sallantaus, T., Savolahti, M., Tuominen, S., Tuominen, S., Vanhala, P. & Forsius, M. 2021. Sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the landscape: approach for spatially explicit estimates. Science of the Total Environment 146668. 
• Hallam, C.D., Wintle, B.A., Kujala, H., Whitehead, A.L. & Nicholson, E. 2020: Measuring impacts on species with models and metrics of varying ecological and computational complexity. Conservation Biology34 (6): 1512-1524.

Principles and quidelines for biodiversity offsetting and identification of suitable forest areas 

• Kujala, H., Maron M., Kennedy C.M., Evans M.C., Bull J.W., Wintle B.A., Iftekhar S.M., Selwood, K.E., Beissner, K., Osborn, D., Gordon, A. 2022. Credible Biodiversity Offsetting Needs Public National Registers to Confirm No Net Loss. One Earth 5, no. 6: 650–62.
• Marshall, E., Visintin, C., Valavi, R., Wilkinson, D.P. , Southwell, D.,  Wintle, B.A., and Kujala, H. 2022. Integrating Species Metrics into Biodiversity Offsetting Calculations to Improve Long-Term Persistence. Journal of Applied Ecology 59, no. 4: 1060–71.
• Kangas, J., Kullberg, P., Pekkonen, M., Kotiaho, J.S., Ollikainen, M. 2021. Precision, Applicability, and Economic Implications: A Comparison of Alternative Biodiversity Offset Indexes. Environmental Management, 68, 170–183. 
• Marshall, E., Valavi, R., O’ Connor, L., Cadenhead, N., Southwell, D., Wintle, B.A. & Kujala, H. 2020: Quantifying the impact of vegetation‐based metrics on species persistence when choosing offsets for habitat destruction. Conservation Biology.
• Marshall, E., Wintle, B.A., Southwell, D. & Kujala, H. 2020: What are we measuring? A review of metrics used to describe biodiversity in offsets exchanges. Biological Conservation, 241, 108250.
• Moilanen, A. & Kotiaho, J.S. 2020: Three ways to deliver a net positive impact with biodiversity offsets. Conservation Biology, online early. 
• Moilanen, A., Kujala, H. & Mikkonen, N. 2020: A practical method for evaluating spatial biodiversity offset scenarios based on spatial conservation prioritization outputs. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 00 :1-10.
• Moilanen, A. & Kotiaho, J.S. 2018: Planning biodiversity offsets: Twelve operationally important decisions. TemaNord 2018: 513. (72 pp.)
• Peterson, I., Maron, M., Moilanen, A., Bekessy, S. & Gordon, A. 2018: A quantitative framework for evaluating the impact of biodiversity offset policies. Biological Conservation 224, 162-169.
• Moilanen, A. & Kotiaho,  J.S. 2018: Fifteen operationally important decisions in the planning of biodiversity offsets. Biological Conservation 227: 112–120.